A cochlear implant system consists of two main parts: the external sound processor and the internal surgically implanted electrode array.

• Sound Processor: Captures sound waves and converts them into digital signals. In 2026, these processors utilize Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to filter out background noise in real-time.

• Electrode Array: A thin, flexible wire inserted into the cochlea. It uses electrical pulses to stimulate the auditory nerve fibers, which the brain interprets as sound.

Traditional pacemakers required insulated wires (leads) to be threaded through veins into the heart. In 2026, these have been largely superseded by Leadless Pacemakers.

• Micra-Tech Evolution: These devices are the size of a large vitamin capsule and are implanted directly into the heart's chambers via a catheter.

• Dual-Chamber Sync: 2026 models feature wireless "inter-device" communication, allowing a capsule in the atrium and a capsule in the ventricle to synchronize their pulses without any physical wires. This eliminates the "lead fracture" complications common in older models.